Hyperthyroidism and chronic kidney failure (CKD) are common diseases in older cats. It can be difficult to evaluate kidney function in cats suffering from both conditions simultaneously. In the daily clinic serum creatinine is the analysis of choice when evaluating kidney function and secondary glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This marker does not, however, detect kidney damage until about 75 % of the function is lost. There are several other techniques available when investigating GFR but none are readily available for the small clinic.

Entrepreneurial failure is probably a subject that is not well understood. This might have to do with the methodological difficulties of screening out failed entrepreneurs. In this thesis a tool is developed for analyzing supposed entrepreneurial failure. In this model entrepreneurs are surrounded by different stake holders. By using the failure deconstruction model to analyze my own entrepreneurial effort I find that it has neither been a successful project nor a disastrous one.

Kronisk njursvikt ökar varje år och vid terminal njurinsufficiens ses njurtransplantation som förstaval av behandling. Behovet av donerade njurar är större än tillgången, vilket leder till en lång väntan för individen. Studiens syfte var att beskriva individers upplevelser i väntan på en njurtransplantation. Metoden var en litteraturstudien där tio vetenskapliga artiklar granskades och analyserades. I analysen framkom tre teman som utgjorde resultatet: behandling för att överleva där dialysbehandlingen sågs som en begränsning i livet och gjorde det svårt att leva som dem gjort tidigare, känna hopp där en transplantation var något att hoppas på, ett sätt att ta sig ur dialysen och få tillbaka sitt gamla liv, samt känna hopplöshet där rädsla för att njurtransplantationen aldrig skulle bli av och känslor av att vara på is i väntan uppkom.

Heart failure is the most common reason to hospitalization among persons over 65 years old. Self-care is an important part in the treatment of heart failure, but poor information and knowledge limits the ability of self-care and increases the risk of admission to hospital.The aim of the study was to investigate what information patients with heart failure describes that they receive from health care personal, how information is perceived, who provides the information, and on what occasions it is given. The aim was also to investigate whether patients' perception of knowledge about heart failure increased after hospitalization.The study is cross-sectional study with a descriptive design. A consecutive selection was used. A questionnaire was filled in by 28 participants.The study has shown that patients with heart failure largely experience information about heart failure inadequate.

Background: There are many people waiting for a kidney transplant. To get a kidney from a living donor has many advantages. The gift is about giving and receiving. The decision is characterized by life-philosophy of the donor.Aim: To highlight the experiences of the kidney donation process.Methods: A systematic literature review in which 11 articles were included, seven qualitative and four quantitative. The articles are quality and ethically reviewed, the results are analyzed according Granskär & Höglund and Polit & Beck.Results: The results were gathered under two themes: the decision-process shows the path from idea to decision and implementation-process treats the donation and confirmation of the gift.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur personer med egenadministrerad peritonealdialys (PD) upplever sitt dagliga liv. Metoden var en intervjustudie där sju personer som behandlades med PD intervjuades med hjälp av en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Materialet som analyserades med en manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys resulterade i tre huvudkategorier: kroppsliga förändringar, upplevelser av PD-behandling samt egenvård. Resultatet visade att PD hade inverkan på olika plan i informanternas dagliga liv. Ett viktigt fynd var hur informanterna uppfattade att PD hade lett till vissa kroppsliga förändringar, exempelvis vad gäller vikt och aptit.

The aim: To examinate depressive symptoms among heart failure patients. Another aim was to examinate the differences in depressive symptoms between gender and between heart failure patients and the population. METHOD: The self-assassment formula MADRS was answered by twenty patients with heart failure at the University hospital in Uppsala. MAIN RESULT: Among the participants 31,3 % showed diffrent levels of depressive symptoms. Mild depression was more common in women.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om den teoretiska modellen failure trap- strategin kan förklara alkoholproblematik och depression bland studenter, samt om strategin kan förklara alkoholproblematik ut-över depression. Vi belyser även om strategin bidrar till det dubbelrik-tade sambandet mellan alkoholproblematik och depression. Deltagare var 358 universitetsstudenter vid ett mellanstort svenskt universitet. Deltagarna svarade på en onlinebaserad enkät rörande depressiva symptom, alkoholvanor och användandet av failure trap- strategin. Data analyserades genom korrelations-och regressionsanalyser.

Bakgrund: Antalet patienter i behov av njurtransplantation per år är cirka 400-500, varav endast cirka 350 kommer att bli transplanterade. Bristen på organ är tydligt framträdande. I väntan på transplantation behöver patienten dialysbehandling, vilket ofta upplevs vara tidskrävande och utmattande. Sjuksköterskor bör ha kunskap om patienters upplevelser i samband med väntan på transplantation för att kunna utvecklas i sin roll som sjuksköterska och få en djupare förståelse för deras situation.Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva kroniskt njursjuka patienters upplevelser av att leva med dialysbehandling och väntan på transplantation.Metod: Studien är en litteratursammanställning av tio kvalitativa och kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar inom området, vilka har granskats, analyserats och sammanställts.Resultat: I resultatet framkom flera olika upplevelser, så som längtan efter frihet, utmattning, höga förväntningar, frustration och rädsla inför framtiden i samband med dialysbehandlingen och väntan på transplantationen.Slutsats: Kroniskt njursjuka patienters upplever sin situation som psykiskt, fysiskt och socialt påfrestande. En av sjuksköterskans viktigaste uppgifter i samband med bemötandet av patienter under dialysbehandling är att vara tillgänglig.

Det finns lite forskning om livskvalitet hos patienter med kronisk njursvikt som ännu inte startat i dialysbehandling och det är viktigt att ha kunskap om hur livskvaliteten påverkas hos dessa patienter. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa olika faktorers påverkan på livskvaliteten hos patienter med kronisk njursvikt som inte startat i dialys. I studien har 16 vetenskapliga artiklar granskats och analyserats. I resultatet framkom att Hb-nivå, nutrition, sjukdomens svårighetsgrad och komorbiditet var faktorer som kunde påverka livskvaliteten. Även patienters upplevelser av antal och svårighetsgrad av symtom var påverkande faktorer.

Background: Patients with heart failure is a patient group growing in numbers, the most common treatment focuses on reliving symptoms and the only cure is heart transplantation. Objective: Aim of the study was to illuminate patients' experiences of living with heart failure at his home. Method: Qualitative design, with a manifest content analysis. The results are based on 12 scientific articles.  Results: Patients with heart failure find that the disease is limited to their daily lives through mental illness and physical symptoms.

Patients with heart failure have a high mortality and often readmits to hospital care, due to a lack of compliance in the treatment plan. Patient education on self-care provided by nurses is important in improving patient and clinical outcomes.The aim of this study was to describe effects of nurse led interventions of patient education for elderly patients with heart failure. Literature study based on nine quantitative scientific articles. The results shows that different nurse led interventions of patient education with patients with heart failure had positive effects on self-care management, quality of life, health related quality of life and hospital care. E-mail reminder to community nurses and telephone education shows to be the most effective patient education interventions.

Heart failure is an illness that requires life-long treatment and often affects everyday aspects of a person?s life. Self-care is a significant part of the treatment. Good self-care resources make it possible for people with heart failure to make the lifestyle changes they often need to maintain or improve their level of health. Self-care means having knowledge of and being able to recognize the symptoms and signs of deterioration that can occur with heart failure, so that the person can take appropriate measures ? and it also means knowing when it is time to seek professional help.

Heart failure is an illness that requires life-long treatment and often affects everyday aspects of a person?s life. Self-care is a significant part of the treatment. Good self-care resources make it possible for people with heart failure to make the lifestyle changes they often need to maintain or improve their level of health. Self-care means having knowledge of and being able to recognize the symptoms and signs of deterioration that can occur with heart failure, so that the person can take appropriate measures ? and it also means knowing when it is time to seek professional help.

Heart failure is an illness that requires life-long treatment and often affects everyday aspects of a person?s life. Self-care is a significant part of the treatment. Good self-care resources make it possible for people with heart failure to make the lifestyle changes they often need to maintain or improve their level of health. Self-care means having knowledge of and being able to recognize the symptoms and signs of deterioration that can occur with heart failure, so that the person can take appropriate measures ? and it also means knowing when it is time to seek professional help.